and the earth is not thereby prevented from believing that the heavens and the earths must be either spatially coincident or separate in some direction, we know that this judgment is not explained by temporal origination.

The third argument demonstrating that what necessitates this judgment is not temporal origination was also mentioned by Ibn al-Haysam in that debate. It runs as follows: being temporally originated is an attribute known through inference, whereas necessarily being either spatially coincident or separate in some direction is a judgment known self-evidently. An attribute whose presence is known through inference cannot serve as the basis for a judgment whose truth is known self-evidently. It is thus established by these