The spiritually discerning shaykh and imam, Abū Muhammad Abd al-Qādir ibn Abī Sālih al-Jīlī, also said in his book al-Ghunya:

“As for knowing the Maker through signs and proofs, in brief, it consists in knowing and being certain that Allah is One and Unique.”

He went on to say:

“He is in the direction above, established upon the Throne, encompassing all dominion, and His knowledge encompasses all things. ‘To Him ascends good speech, and righteous work raises it.’ [Fātir: 10] ‘He directs affairs from heaven to earth; then they ascend to Him in a Day whose measure is a thousand years by your reckoning (5).’ [Al-Sajdah: 5]

“… He must not be described as being everywhere. Rather, it should be said that He is above the heavens, upon the Throne, as He says: ‘The Most Merciful is established upon the Throne (5).’ [Tā Hā: 5]”

He cited verses and hadiths, then went on to say:

“The attribute of establishment upon the Throne should be affirmed without