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Al-Rāzī said: “The seventh proof is that if He, exalted is He, were situated in a particular direction and occupied space, He would be immense. For no rational person says that He is situated in a particular direction yet is as minute as an indivisible point or an indivisible part. Rather, everyone who says that He is situated in a particular direction and occupies space says that He is immense in His essence.

“Given this, we say: the side of Him facing the right side of the Throne must either be the very same side that faces the left side of the Throne, or a different side. The first possibility is false, for if this were conceivable, why would it not be conceivable to say that the right side of the Throne is identical to its left side, such that the Throne, despite its immensity, would be like an indivisible atom and an indivisible part? No rational person says this.

“The second possibility is false because, on this supposition, Allah’s essence would be composed of parts. Those parts would then have either the same essential nature or different essential natures. The first possibility is impossible because, on this supposition, some of those parts would be