The reply is that, as explained above, a spatial region may mean that which bounds a thing—its extremities and limits, which form part of it. It may also mean something separate from the thing that surrounds it. Both have positive existence. For a thing to be situated in a spatial region in this sense does not mean that it occupies a spatial region. Rather, the spatial region here is either part of the thing itself or something that meets it from outside. Neither meaning entails its occupying a spatial region.

A spatial region may also mean the conceived extent of a place. This is what many theologians who distinguish between spatial region and place mean by the former. On this understanding, a spatial region has no positive existence, as explained above.

His statement, “We know self-evidently that all spatial regions are alike, because they are pure emptiness and sheer void,” and his statement, “Before the creation of