and all things are beneath Him. Similarly, the names the Harmer, the Withholder, and the Abaser are mentioned only alongside the Benefactor, the Giver, and the Exalter. For the harm, withholding, and abasement He brings about contain profound wisdom that necessarily entails abundant mercy and ample blessings. Thus, this is not, in reality, harm overall, even if some harm is involved.

Such harm, relative to certain created beings, is analogous to the statements concerning His inwardness that nothing is beneath Him and that, if a rope were lowered, it would descend upon Him. For descent and being beneath are relative notions, considered in relation to a posited situation involving certain created beings. This concerns His magnitude, while that concerns His actions. The error of these Jahmiyyah regarding His magnitude is like the error of the Qadariyyah regarding