some people, for certain speculative theologians have disputed it and denied that the celestial spheres are spherical, as did some who refuted them in the Book of Subtleties, and others. Some who claim religious learning may likewise reject this. This may well have arisen from statements by astrologers that conflict with revealed law. A speculative theologian may also dispute this through dialectical arguments, as may someone versed in jurisprudence, supposing that it conflicts with the Sharia. Yet none of them has any scriptural or rational evidence that contradicts this or rules out the celestial spheres being spherical. Nor is any disagreement over this reported from any of the imams and scholars of Islam. Rather, several Muslim scholars have stated, such as Shaykh Abū al-Husayn ibn