the proof of this. Yet he himself says later: “Before the creation of the world, there was nothing but sheer void and absolute nonexistence.” This contradicts his claim that spatial regions have positive existence. As for his question, “What accounts for its being specifically associated with this nonexistent thing?” this will be discussed later.

Regarding his statement in the third argument:

“If it is permissible to say that something’s being specifically located in a particular direction is necessary, it is also permissible to claim that some bodies necessarily occupy a particular spatial region. On this basis, the proof that the world came into existence cannot be sustained. It therefore follows that anyone who holds this view cannot affirm with certainty that all bodies came into existence; rather, he must admit the possibility that some of them are eternal.”

They give two answers. First, bodies differ in their very nature. Thus, the fact that some possess a particular attribute does not entail that others possess that same attribute. Likewise, in their view, its being characterized by all its other essential attributes does not entail that another entity is characterized by something different.