Thus, he adduces His words, “Then they are returned to Allah” [al-An‘ām 62], “They are made to stand before their Lord” [al-An‘ām 30], “And they will be presented before your Lord” [al-Kahf 48], and “Hanging their heads before their Lord” [al-Sajda 12], as evidence that Allah is above the Throne. This is entirely because these verses indicate endpoints, limits, boundaries, and His being distinct from His creation.

Let us therefore address his argument on this point. He may be told: Your statement, “If He were situated in a particular spatial location and direction, He would necessarily be either finite on all sides, finite on some sides, or infinite on all sides,” is countered by their saying: “This argument also turns against you, for it may be said: If He existed or were self-subsisting, He would be either finite or infinite.”

If you say: “We maintain that He exists without any direction or spatial location whatsoever, and that He is not finite in His essence, meaning that His essence—meaning that His essence cannot have an extremity, an endpoint, or a boundary”