between the lower direction facing the Throne and the other directions is as we have explained: the lower direction faces the Throne, as established by the evidence, and the Throne is bounded. It is therefore permissible to describe whatever of the Essence faces it as a limit and a direction. This does not apply to the other directions, since it does not face anything bounded there, but rather extends endlessly to the right and left, above, in front, and behind. Thus none of these is described as a limit or a direction. The direction of the Throne faces what lies opposite it on the side of the Essence; it does not face the entire Essence, for the Essence has no end.”

I say: His interpretation of Ahmad’s words is incorrect. Rather, Ahmad’s words mean what he initially stated: where he denied a limit, he denied that anyone could delimit Him or know His limit; where he affirmed it, he affirmed a limit in Him Himself. The term “limit” may refer to the actual nature of what is delimited—its quality, its extent, or both—and it may also refer to the knowledge and verbal expression that indicate what is delimited.