nor an end. He said: This is the foundation upon which Jahm built all his errors and from which he derived his fallacies. It is a statement that, so far as we have heard, no one in all creation made before Jahm.

One of his interlocutors said to him: ‘I understand what you mean by this, O non-Arab. You mean that Allah is nothing, for all created beings know that anything to which the name “thing” applies has a limit, an ultimate extent, and an attribute, whereas what is not a thing has no limit or ultimate extent—no ultimate extent and no attribute. A thing, therefore, necessarily has attributes, and nothing has attributes without a limit and an ultimate extent. Your statement that He has no limit means that He is nothing.’

Abū Saʿīd said: Allah Most High has a limit that none but He knows, and no one is permitted