Bayān Talbīs al-JahmiyyaIbn Taimiya

in their own right can be separate from one another only in direction. For all existing things, necessary and contingent alike, either subsist in their own right or subsist in something else. Things that subsist in their own right are distinguished from one another only by direction. As for whatever subsists in something else, its existence is dependent on what subsists in its own right. This is clarified by the fact that whatever subsists in something else needs a locus and a place.

Furthermore, it may be said that accidents are of two types. The first comprises those for which life is not a prerequisite, and these fall into two categories. The first consists of spatial states: motion, rest, conjunction, and separation. These can be distinguished and set apart only by direction and spatial location, even if this is dependent on their locus. Motion cannot be distinguished from rest, nor conjunction from separation, except by spatial location and direction. For motion is transition from one spatial location to another, while rest is remaining in a single spatial location.

بأنفسهما لا يباين أحدهما الآخر إلا بالجهة وذلك أن الموجودات كلها الواجب والممكن إما قائم بنفسه وإما قائم بغيره فالقائمات بأنفسها لا تتميز بعضها عن بعض إلا بالجهة وأما القائم بغيره فإنه تبع في الوجود للقائم بنفسه يوضح ذلك أن القائم بغيره هو محتاج إلى محل ومكان وأيضًا فقد يقال الأعراض نوعان أحدهما مالا تشترط له الحياة وهو قسمان أحدهما الأكوان وهي الحركة والسكون والاجتماع والافتراق فهذه لا تتميز وتتباين إلا بالجهة والحيز وإن كان تبعًا للمحل فلا يفرق بين الحركة والسكون ولا بين الاجتماع والافتراق إلا بالحيز والجهة فإن الحركة انتقال في حيز بعد حيز والسكون دوام في حيز واحد

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