whatsoever. Since created things have no need of any particular existent space, direction, or place—even though some require something of that kind, with one instance serving in place of another—and since what is called their place may depend upon them, as may what is called their space, whether contiguous with them or separate from them, and direction likewise depends upon them insofar as it is a direction, the claim that things occupying space depend upon space while space is independent of them is not universally true of created things. Rather, asserting this without qualification is false. How much less, then, can it apply to the Creator, who has no need of anything besides Him, while everything besides Him depends upon Him!

The thirteenth point concerns his statement: “It is rationally impossible for a thing that can occupy space to exist without being in a direction.”

The response is: All bodies occupy space, as you have stated. Do you then say that it is rationally impossible for any body to exist without being in an existent direction? No rational person says this. Rather, it is self-evident to reason that every body can exist without being in a separate, existent direction, just as the world exists without being in an existent direction. We know of no rational person who has said that every body must be