says that His spatial locus is the very bounds and limits of His own being does not thereby posit a spatial locus external to Him. In any event, whoever says that He is above the world does not say that He occupies an existing spatial locus external to Himself, or an existing direction external to Himself. Since the proponent of this position explicitly denies that, arguing that He does not occupy an existing spatial locus is to argue about something outside the point at issue; it therefore does not undermine the opposing party’s case.

The fifth point concerns his statement:

“The upper spatial loci differ in their reality from the lower spatial loci. The evidence is that they say Allah must be situated specifically in the upward direction, and that it is impossible for Him to be in the other directions and spatial loci—namely, below, to the right, and to the left. Were these not different in their realities and essences, it would be untenable to say that He must be in the upward direction and cannot be in the other directions.”

The reply to him is: Those who affirm the divine attributes agree that Allah is above the world and that it is impossible for Him not to be above the world, whether He is supposed to be below or otherwise