with no existence. If self-evident knowledge is attained there despite this difficulty, then it is all the more assured here, where that difficulty is absent.”

He also said in his Nihāya, on this very question of direction, what we shall quote from him at the end of these arguments:

“If Allah were situated in a spatial locus, this would either be necessary or not necessary. The former is false, for if His being situated in that locus were possible, while His being situated in all other loci were impossible, then the essence of that locus would differ from the essence of all the other loci. If that were so, spatial loci would be positive realities, since one instance of pure nonexistence cannot differ from another. If spatial loci were positive realities, it would either be possible to point to them physically or not. If it were possible, then that thing would either be divisible—in which case the Creator situated within it would be divisible—or it would be indivisible, in which case that