among the generality of these people, confirming the words of Allah Most High:

“Had it been from other than Allah, they would have found within it much contradiction.” [al-Nisā’ 82]

This is unlike the truth, whose parts confirm one another. In the fourth proof below, he states the opposite of this, saying: “The fourth consideration here is that we know necessarily that all spatial loci are equal, since they are mere empty space and nothing but a void. Since they are all equal, the same rule must apply to them all. This precludes saying that He, Most High, must necessarily be situated in particular, specifically determined spatial loci.”

He also said: “If it is asked, ‘Why could His being situated specifically in the upward direction not be preferable?’ we reply: This is invalid for two reasons. The first is that, before the creation of the world, there was nothing but a void