other than His being apart from the world, separate from it, and distinct from it. His being so does not entail the existence of anything other than Allah’s essence. Thus, your assertion that His being in a direction would make Him dependent upon something else is invalid. What demonstrates the soundness of our position is that there is no dispute that the world is situated in a spatial region and direction. Its being situated in a spatial region and direction means nothing other than some of its parts being separate and distinct from others. If we can conceive of this meaning here, why should the same not be possible with regard to Allah’s being situated in a spatial region and direction?”

The answer is as follows. As for his assertion that spatial region and direction are not something that exists, our reply is that we have demonstrated through decisive proofs that they are existing things. Once proofs have established this, no doubt about its truth remains.

As for his statement, “What is meant by His being situated in a spatial region