Hāshim ibn Abī ʿAlī al-Jubbā’ī, who was one of the world’s most brilliant minds. Both he and Abū al-Hasan al-Ashʿarī were pupils of Abū ʿAlī al-Jubbā’ī. However, al-Ashʿarī returned to the school of those who affirm the divine attributes and divine decree, affirm that those guilty of major sins will be brought out of the Fire, do not declare any believer an unbeliever because of a sin, and do not consider fighting during civil strife permissible. He thus opposed the Muʿtazilah concerning their five principles in which they differed from the people of the Sunnah and the community: what they call divine oneness, justice, a position between two positions, the fulfilment of the threat of punishment, and enjoining good and forbidding evil.

As for Abū Hāshim, he adhered to these principles alongside his father, although