that were unsound, although their discourse contained sound proofs and agreement with the Sunnah not found in the discourse of most other groups. Of all the schools of speculative theology, they are the closest to the Sunnah, the community, and hadith. They are counted among the people of the Sunnah and the community when compared with such groups as the Muʿtazilah, the Rāfidah, and others like them. Indeed, they are the people of the Sunnah and the community in lands where the people of innovation are the Muʿtazilah, the Rāfidah, and similar groups.

Such being the case, some of their later followers examined the principles on which they agreed with the Jahmiyyah and accepted their implications. Abū al-Maʿālī al-Juwaynī frequently studied the books of Abū