have added anything to you but confusion, and they would have hurried about among you, seeking to stir up discord; and among you are those who listen to them.” [al-Tawbah 47]

Allah thus states that the hypocrites add nothing to the believers but confusion, and that they hurry about among them—that is, they pursue their aims among them and seek to sow discord among them. Allah Most High said:

“And among you are those who listen to them.” [al-Tawbah 47]

He thus states that among the believers are those who respond to the hypocrites and accept what they say. If this occurred during the lifetime of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, then some believers would be all the more likely to respond to some hypocrites after his time. Thus, groups of believers responded to these hypocritical heretics in some of what they called them to, until they stirred up discord.

This is found among the Jahmī heretics, the Rāfidī heretics, and the heretics who combine both doctrines. The worst of them are the Qarmatians, the philosophers, and their like. For the early Rāfidah were not Jahmiyyah, unlike the later ones