way for you to refute the statement of one who says that He is above the world and above the Throne, yet is neither composite nor composed of parts, or who says that He is not a body, as we have discussed both positions above.

This is further clarified by the twelfth point: His elevation and His being above the Throne constitute one of His attributes—glorified and exalted is He. Knowledge and discourse concerning the attributes of a being depend upon knowledge and discourse concerning its essence. If an argument of this kind is valid for affirming or negating His attributes, it is equally valid for affirming or negating matters concerning His essence, for knowledge of an attribute without knowledge of the being possessing it is impossible.

Thus, when someone says, “If He were above the Throne, He would be divisible, composite, and composed of parts,” he is making a judgment about His essence: that it cannot be above the Throne unless it is divisible, composite, and composed of parts. Yet knowledge of this is no more evident to reason than the knowledge that, if He exists, He must be either within the world