a substance merely because neither we nor you have encountered anything subsisting in itself in the observable world except as a substance.

He said: The same answer is given to them if they say, “Then His knowledge, life, speech, hearing, sight, and all His other attributes must be accidents,” and base their argument on what is observed to exist.

If someone asks, “Do you say that He is everywhere?” the reply is: Allah forbid! Rather, He is established over His Throne, as He has declared in His Book, saying:

“The Most Merciful is established over the Throne.” {5} [Tā Hā 5]

And He said:

“To Him ascends good speech, and righteous deeds He raises up.” [Fātir 10]

And He said:

“Do you feel secure that He who is in heaven will not cause the earth to swallow you, and then it would quake?” {16}