to divide and separate them or not, as with human souls and angels—indeed, even the Throne and other things. Many philosophers have disagreed with the Muslims over whether the celestial spheres admit division and separation. Thus, people have disputed whether certain bodies admit division in the sense of separating one part of a body from another.

As for the Creator, exalted and holy is He, we know of none among them who describes Him in this way. Even if someone did describe Him thus, what al-Rāzī has stated would not establish the falsity of that person’s claim, as we shall explain.

If, however, He is not subject to division, either in the first sense—namely, the actual occurrence of division as commonly understood—or in the second sense—namely, the possibility of such division—then his statement, “If He were not undivided, He would be as small as an indivisible atom,” does not follow in that case. For that which is described as one