al-Ashʿarī [and] the leading scholars among his followers. Those who agree with him on this, however, are the Muʿtazilah, the philosophers who deny the divine attributes, and a group of Ashʿarīs, more numerous among their later scholars than their earlier ones. The same applies to those who follow them among the jurists and Sufis, and a group of hadith scholars.

Accordingly, we shall set out what may be said in response to his arguments. There is no power or might except through Allah.

Al-Rāzī said:

“Chapter Four: Establishing Arguments and Proofs That Allah Does Not Occupy a Particular Spatial Region or Direction, Such That He Can Be Indicated by the Senses as Being Here or There

This is demonstrated by