“Ibn Sīnā” and others like him. For when they classified the rational syllogisms discussed in their treatment of syllogistic reasoning as demonstrative, dialectical, rhetorical, poetic, or sophistical, they claimed that their syllogisms in metaphysics were demonstrative, while most of the speculative theologians’ syllogisms were either dialectical or rhetorical. This claim appears in the writings of learned philosophers such as “al-Fārābī”, “Ibn Sīnā”, and “Muhammad ibn Yūsuf al-ʿĀmirī”