with their own leading scholars on this matter, and that the position he defended is not that of Ibn Kullāb, al-Ash'arī, or the leading scholars among his followers. Rather, it is explicitly the position of the Jahmiyyah, the Mu'tazilah, and others like them, even though some later Ash'arīs, such as Abū al-Ma'ālī and others, also held it. This is also how scholars have reported their position, as stated by Imam Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Hadramī al-Qayrawānī, author of the epistle he entitled An Epistle Pointing to the Question of Rising Above, when he discussed the differences of opinion