Then the one who affirms reproaches the one who denies for rejecting some of the truth, while the one who denies reproaches the one who affirms for making false statements about Allah. One or both may be mistaken about the other. Alongside the ambiguity of the term, this stems from some measure of ignorance or injustice. There is no power nor strength except through Allah.

If the position that Allah is above the Throne and above the world—together with the implications that genuinely follow from it, not those falsely claimed to do so—is the position of the early generations of the Muslim community, its leading scholars, and those who affirm the divine attributes generally, then the refutation offered by this author and others like him is directed not against just one or two groups, but against all of them.

Elsewhere we have cited some material that makes their positions clear. The principal aim here is simply to examine fairly the evidence he has presented for both sides, so that a just judgment may be made between them. As for the arguments he did not mention but which the proponents of affirmation have advanced, presenting these was not the aim; but