and “I have been commanded to fight the people until they say, ‘There is no god but Allah.’” Whoever says this has affirmed Allah’s oneness.

Likewise, Jābir ibn Abd Allāh narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) proclaimed Allah’s oneness aloud during his Hajj, saying: “Here I am, O Allah, here I am! Here I am; You have no partner; here I am! Indeed, all praise and blessings belong to You, as does sovereignty. You have no partner.”

We were told by