are all true of the Eternal One, glorified and exalted is He.’

The master Abū Bakr ibn Fūrak said that He, glorified is He, is one in His essence, admitting no division; one in His attributes, having no likeness; and one in His acts, having no partner. It is related from Abū Ishāq al-Isfarāyīnī that he said: ‘The one is that which cannot be raised or set down,’ meaning connection and separation. Al-Ansārī said: ‘This refers to the oneness of God, for a substance