And as for those among the followers of Abū Hanīfah who followed him, they were of the same sort as those who conducted the inquisition against the Muslims in support of the Jahmiyyah’s creed, calling people to profess that the Quran was created and to accept other Jahmī doctrines. They included Bishr al-Marīsī, Ahmad ibn Abī Du’ād, the chief judge, and others like them.

When the Jahmiyyah incorporated this negation they had innovated into the meaning of monotheism, the Muslims—imams, jurists, and scholars of hadith and speculative theology—openly opposed them, as related by Abū ʿAbd al-Rahmān al-Sulamī and, through him, by Shaykh