nor bounded, nor qualified by any attribute subsisting in Him. He is also one, with none like Him. These two meanings negate corporeality and resemblance. The third is that He is one in His acts, having no partner. This third meaning is agreed upon among Muslims. Yet people say that the Qadariyyah cannot fully uphold this monotheism, since they hold that part of the world is brought about by someone other than Allah and that there are those who act as Allah acts. This amounts to affirming a partner with Him in His dominion.

Although the rest of the Muslims agree with the Mu‘tazilah and other Jahmiyyah in rejecting resemblance, these groups classify everyone who affirms an attribute for Allah as likening Him to creation, as is well known about them. Accordingly, the leading scholars have reported this position from them. Imam Ahmad mentioned it in his refutation of them, saying of al-Jahm: “He interpreted the Quran contrary to its true interpretation and rejected the hadiths of