Bayān Talbīs al-JahmiyyaIbn Taimiya

Allah except through revelation, or from behind a veil, or by His sending a messenger who reveals, by His permission, whatever He wills.’ [al-Shūrā: 51]

The verse specifically refers to human beings, excluding beings of other kinds. Had the verse applied generally to humans and others, saying, ‘It is not for anyone to be addressed by Allah [except] through revelation, or from behind a veil, or by His sending a messenger,’ would have been less open to ambiguity and less likely to introduce doubt into the hearer’s mind, dispelling doubt and confusion. This would have been clearer than saying, ‘It is not for a particular kind of being to be addressed by Me except through revelation, or from behind a veil, or by My sending a messenger,’ while leaving other kinds outside the verse’s scope. What we have mentioned thus demonstrates that He singled out human beings, to the exclusion of others.

Another proof:

Allah, mighty and majestic, says:

‘Then they are returned to Allah, their true Master.’ [al-Anʿām: 62]

And He says:

‘If only you could see when they are made to stand before their Lord!’ [al-Anʿām: 30]

And He says:

‘If only you could see the criminals hanging their heads before their Lord!’ [al-Sajdah: 12]

And He, mighty and majestic, says:

‘They will be presented before your Lord in a row.’ [al-Kahf: 48]

All this indicates that He is not within His creation, nor is His creation within Him, and that He is established above His Throne. Glory be to Him, and exalted is He far above what the wrongdoers say.

[In describing Him, they have affirmed no reality for Him, nor have they established His oneness in speaking of Him, since all their discourse ultimately amounts to negation.]”

اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِن وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا فَيُوحِيَ بِإِذْنِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ} [الشورى: ٥١] وقد خصت الآية البشر دون غيرهم، ممن ليس من جنس البشر، ولو كانت الآية عامة للبشر وغيرهم، كان أبعد من الشبهة، وإدخال الشك على من يسمع الآية أن يقول: ما كان لأحد أن يكلمه الله [إلا] وحيًا أو من وراء حجاب أو يرسل رسولًا، فيرتفع الشك والحيرة، من أن يقول: ما كان لجنس من الأجناس أن أكلمه إلا وحيًا، أو من وراء حجاب، أو أرسل رسولًا، ويترك أجناسًا لم يعمهم بالآية، فدل ما ذكرنا على أنه خص البشر دون غيرهم. ودليل آخر: وقال الله عز وجل: {ثُمَّ رُدُّوا إِلَى اللَّهِ مَوْلَاهُمُ الْحَقِّ} [الأنعام: ٦٢] وقال: {وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ وُقِفُوا عَلَى رَبِّهِمْ} [الأنعام: ٣٠] وقال: {وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذِ الْمُجْرِمُونَ نَاكِسُو رُءُوسِهِمْ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ} [السجدة: ١٢] وقال عز وجل: {وَعُرِضُوا عَلَى رَبِّكَ صَفًّا} [الكهف: ٤٨] كل ذلك يدل على أنه ليس في خلقه، ولا خلقه فيه، وأنه مستو على عرشه، سبحانه وتعالى عما يقول الظالمون علوًا كبيرًا. [فلم يثبتوا له في وصفهم حقيقة، ولا أوجبوا له بذكرهم إياه وحدانيته، إذ كل كلامهم يؤول إلى التعطيل] » .

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