deny the existence of the indivisible atom, they say that anything occupying space must have one side distinct from the other. Its right must be distinct from its left, its front from its back, and its top from its bottom. Anything in which one part is distinct from another is divisible, because its right side is characterized as right, not left, and its left side as left, not right. If its right side were identical to its left, one and the same thing would be right and not right, and left and not left. This would entail both affirmation and negation of the same thing, which is impossible.

They say: It is thus established that everything occupying space is divisible, and that nothing divisible is one. Since Allah is described as One, He cannot occupy space at all, which rules out His being a substance. As for those who affirm the existence of the indivisible atom, they cannot argue