the surface, affirms this vision, his affirmation of it is like that of al-Marīsī and his ilk: they acknowledge the wording concerning it, then distort the words from their proper meanings.

Then al-Rāzī said:

“We therefore say that His statement, exalted is He, ‘One,’ indicates the negation of corporeality, spatial location, and direction. As for its indicating that He, exalted is He, is not a body, this is because a body must consist of at least two substances, which is incompatible with unity. His saying ‘One’ emphatically asserts oneness; hence, His saying ‘One’ is incompatible with corporeality.”

He said: “As for its indicating that He is not a substance, we say: As for those who