after the opening address:

“To proceed: Many of the Mu‘tazilah and the Qadariyyah have been led by their desires into blindly following their leaders and their predecessors. They have interpreted the Quran according to their own views, offering interpretations for which Allah has sent down no authority and made clear no proof, and which they have transmitted neither from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, nor from the early generations.

They have thus contradicted what the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all, narrated from the Prophet of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, concerning seeing Allah Most High with one’s eyes. Narrations affirming this have come through various channels; the transmitted reports have reached the level of mass transmission, and accounts have followed one another.

They have denied the intercession of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for sinners, rejecting the reports transmitted concerning it from the early generations. They have denied the punishment of the grave and that the disbelievers are punished in their graves, although the Companions and their successors unanimously affirmed this.

They have professed that the Quran is created, echoing the words of their brethren among the polytheists, who said:

‘This is nothing but the word of a human being.’
{25}
[al-Muddaththir 25]

They thus claimed that the Quran was like the speech of