the Muʿtazilah in their doctrines of divine oneness and justice—and stated in his book:

Chapter: The Views of Those Who Affirm Divine Oneness and Those Who Liken Allah to Creation

“All the Muʿtazilah, all the Kharijites, most of the Zaydīs, and many of the Shia and Murjiʾah—except the adherents of hadith among the Murjiʾah—maintained that Allah is neither a body, nor a form, nor a substance, nor a part, nor an accident, and that He resembles none of these. The following view was expressed by Hishām ibn al-Hakam, ʿAlī ibn Mansūr, and Muhammad ibn