and reports have followed one another in succession. They denied the intercession of the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—for sinners and rejected the reports concerning it transmitted from the early predecessors. They denied the punishment of the grave and that disbelievers are punished in their graves, although the Companions and the Successors unanimously affirmed this. They professed that the Quran was created, echoing the words of their brethren among the polytheists, who said:

“This is nothing but the word of a human being (25)” [al-Muddaththir: 25].

[They thus claimed that the Quran is like human speech.] They affirmed that human beings create evil, paralleling the claim of the Magians, who affirmed two creators: one who creates good [and the other who creates evil. The Qadariyya claimed that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, creates good] and Satan creates evil. They claimed that Allah wills what does not happen and that things happen which He does not will, contrary to the consensus of the Muslims that whatever Allah wills happens, and whatever He does not will does not happen. They thereby rejected His words—Mighty and Majestic is He:

“And you do not will unless Allah wills” [al-Takwīr: 29].

He thus informs us that we do not will anything [unless] Allah has willed that we should will it. They likewise rejected His words:

“Had Allah willed, they would not have fought one another” [al-Baqara: 253];

and His words:

“Had We willed, We would have given every soul its guidance” [al-Sajda: 13];

and His words, Exalted is He:

“He does whatever He wills (16)” [al-Burūj: 16];

and His words, Exalted is He, reporting that His Prophet “Shu‘ayb” said: