Allah—glorified and exalted is He—is agreed upon by Muslims who believe in the Quran. We have already demonstrated, through conclusive scriptural and rational proofs, that Allah cannot have an equal in any respect. We have explained that any likeness between Him and His creation is intrinsically impossible, and that it would entail one and the same thing being both existent and nonexistent, eternal and brought into being, Creator and created, necessary and contingent.

The three arguments al-Rāzī presented to establish this point are weak, as we shall explain, Allah willing, although this premise is itself true when interpreted in accordance with the Book, the Sunnah, and sound reason. This man often speaks the truth, but the arguments he offers to support it are weak. He also often says what is untrue and frequently contradicts himself.

In this premise, however, he has not established that Allah Most High has no likeness or counterpart. Rather, he sought to establish that not every existing thing must have a counterpart or likeness. Thus, he established the negation of this universal claim; he did not establish that Allah Most High has no counterpart. Whenever it is established that Allah Most High has no equal, the negation of this universal claim is established, for that refutes this