from them; and that subsequently, toward the end of the second century AH, as well as shortly before and afterward, the books of the Greeks and others among the Romans were brought from Christian lands and translated into Arabic. The doctrine of those Sabians who had altered their religion, such as Aristotle and his like, spread. At that time the Khurramiyyah emerged. They were the earliest of the Qarmatian esotericists, who secretly adopted elements of the religion of the Sabians who had altered their religion and elements of the religion of the Magians, just as they adopted these people’s teachings on the intellect