Al-Radd ʿalā al-JahmiyyahIbn Qutayba

It has become a riddle only because you witness a man who appears able yet is helpless, one who is given support yet is held back; you see a resolute person kept from his due, while an incapable one is provided for; a brave man abandoned, and a coward granted victory; an intelligent man whom no one consults or employs in their affairs, and a worthless, rash fellow who is never left idle. You may also find two scholars, nearly equal in knowledge and religious insight, standing as adversaries while differing: one declares pure abandonment—that everything is left to chance—whereas the other upholds pure compulsion. This one is a Harūrī (Kharijite), and that

وإنما صار سراً لأنك ترى قادراً وهو عاجز، ومؤيداً وهو ممنوع، وترى حازماً محروماً، وعاجزاً مرزوقاً، وشجاعاً مخذولاً، وجباناً منصوراً، وعاقلاً لا يستشار في الأمور ولا يستعمل، وساقطاً متهافتاً لا يعطل، وعالمين متقاربين في العلم والنظر في الدين خصمين وهما مختلفان فهذا يقول بالإهمال المحض وذاك يقول بالإجبار المحض وهذا حروري وذاك

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