Al-Tafsīr al-QayyimIbn al-Qayyim

He begins another sentence, saying: “Those who are with Him are not too proud to worship Him.” This means that the angels who are with Him are not too proud to worship Him: they neither disdain it nor consider themselves above it, nor do they grow weary, becoming exhausted and ceasing their worship. The verbs hasira and istahsara mean to tire and become exhausted. Rather, their worship and glorification of Him are like breathing for human beings. The first statement describes His servants as subject to His lordship; the second describes His servants as devoted to His worship.

Allah Most High says:

“The servants of the Most Merciful are those who walk humbly upon the earth,” through to the end of the surah. (25:63–77)

He also says:

“A spring from which Allah’s servants drink, making it flow abundantly.” (76:6)

“Remember Our servant David.” (38:17)

“Remember Our servant Job.” (38:41)

“Remember Our servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.” (38:45)

Of Solomon, He says:

“What an excellent servant! Indeed, he constantly turned to Allah.” (38:30)

And of the Messiah:

“He was only a servant whom We blessed.” (43:59)

He thus made servitude his highest station, not divinity, as his enemies, the Christians, claim. He also described the noblest of His creatures and the highest in standing with Him as His servant in his most exalted stations.

Allah Most High says:

“If you are in doubt about what We have sent down to Our servant…” (2:23)

He, blessed and exalted is He, also says:

“Blessed is He who sent down the Criterion to His servant.” (25:1)

“All praise is for Allah, who sent down the Book to His servant.” (18:1)

He thus described him as His servant when speaking of sending down the Book to him and challenging them to produce its like. He also says:

“When the servant of Allah stood up to call upon Him, they almost crowded around him.” (72:19)

Here He described him as His servant in the station of calling people to Him. He also says:

“Glory be to Him who took His servant by night…” (17:1)

Here He described him as His servant in the station of the Night Journey.

In an authentic hadith, he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said:

“Do not praise me excessively as the Christians praised the Messiah, son of Mary. I am only a servant, so say: ‘The servant of Allah and His Messenger.’”

Another hadith states:

“I am a servant. I eat as servants eat, and I sit as servants sit.”

In Sahīh al-Bukhārī, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr said:

“I read in the Torah the description of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: ‘Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, My servant and My messenger. I have named him al-Mutawakkil (the one who relies upon Allah). He is neither harsh nor hard-hearted, nor does he shout in the marketplaces. He does not repay evil with evil, but pardons and forgives.’”

استأنف جملة أخرى فقال وَمَنْ عِنْدَهُ لا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبادَتِهِ يعني أن الملائكة الذين عنده لا يستكبرون عن عبادته لا يأنفون عنها ولا يتعاظمون ولا يستحسرون، فيعيون وينقطعون، يقال حسر واستحسر، إذا تعب وأعيا، بل عبادتهم وتسبيحهم كالنفس لبني آدم، فالأول: وصف لعبيد ربوبيته. والثاني: وصف لعبيد إلهيته وقال تعالى: ٢٥: ٦٣- ٧٧ وَعِبادُ الرَّحْمنِ الَّذِينَ يَمْشُونَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ هَوْناً إلى آخر السورة. وقال ٧٦: ٦ عَيْناً يَشْرَبُ بِها عِبادُ اللَّهِ يُفَجِّرُونَها تَفْجِيراً وقال ٣٨: ١٧ وَاذْكُرْ عَبْدَنا داوُدَ وقال ٣٨: ٤١ وَاذْكُرْ عَبْدَنا أَيُّوبَ وقال ٣٨: ٤٥ وَاذْكُرْ عِبادَنا إِبْراهِيمَ وَإِسْحاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وقال عن سليمان ٣٨: ٣٠ نِعْمَ الْعَبْدُ إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ وقال عن المسيح ٤٣: ٥٩ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا عَبْدٌ أَنْعَمْنا عَلَيْهِ فجعل غايته العبودية لا الإلهية، كما يقول أعداؤه النصارى، ووصف أكرم خلقه عليه، وأعلاهم عنده منزلة بالعبودية في أشرف مقاماته. فقال تعالى: ٢: ٢٣ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِمَّا نَزَّلْنا عَلى عَبْدِنا وقال ﵎: ٢٥: ١ تَبارَكَ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ الْفُرْقانَ عَلى عَبْدِهِ وقال ١٨: ١ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ عَلى عَبْدِهِ الْكِتابَ فذكره بالعبودية في مقام إنزال الكتاب عليه والتحدي بأن يأتوا بمثله، وقال ٧٢: ١٩ وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا قامَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَدْعُوهُ كادُوا يَكُونُونَ عَلَيْهِ لِبَداً فذكره بالعبودية في مقام الدعوة إليه. وقال ١٧: ١ سُبْحانَ الَّذِي أَسْرى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا فذكره بالعبودية في مقام الإسراء. وفي الصحيح عنه ﷺ أنه قال «لا تطروني كما أطرت النصارى المسيح ابن مريم فإنما أنا عبد. فقولوا عبد الله ورسوله» وفي الحديث «أنا عبد آكل كما يأكل العبيد، وأجلس كما يجلس العبيد» وفي صحيح البخاري عن عبد الله بن عمرو قال «قرأت في التوراة صفة محمد ﷺ: محمد رسول الله، عبدي ورسولي، سميته المتوكل. ليس بفظّ ولا غليظ، ولا صخّاب بالأسواق، ولا يجزي بالسيئة السيئة، ولكن يعفو ويغفر» .

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