Al-Tafsīr al-QayyimIbn al-Qayyim

and encompass the meanings of His most beautiful names.

As for their encompassing the meanings of His most beautiful names, the Lord is the All-Powerful, the Creator, the Originator, the Fashioner, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer of all, the All-Knowing, the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing, the Beneficent, the Bestower of Blessings, the Most Generous, the Giver, the Withholder, the One who brings harm and benefit, and the One who brings forward and holds back. He leads astray whom He wills, guides whom He wills, grants felicity to whom He wills, makes wretched whom He wills, honors whom He wills, and humbles whom He wills. These and other meanings of His lordship are expressed in the most beautiful names that rightfully belong to Him.

As for the King, He commands and forbids, honors and humbles, directs His servants’ affairs as He loves, and changes their circumstances as He wills. Among the most beautiful names that rightfully belong to Him by virtue of His sovereignty are the Almighty, the Compeller, the Supremely Great, the Judge, the Just, the One who lowers and raises, the One who honors and humbles, the Magnificent, the Majestic, the Most Great, the Reckoner, the All-Glorious, the Ruler, the Most Exalted, the Owner of Sovereignty, the Equitable, and the Gatherer, along with other names pertaining to sovereignty.

As for God, He possesses every attribute of perfection and majesty. Thus, all the most beautiful names are included in this name. The correct view, therefore, is that “Allah” is derived from al-ilāh (“the God”), as held by Sībawayh and the majority of his followers, with only a few dissenting, and that the name “Allah,” exalted is He, encompasses all the meanings of the most beautiful names and the loftiest attributes. These three names thus encompass all the meanings of His most beautiful names. Whoever seeks refuge in Him through them is therefore deserving of refuge, protection, and shelter from the whisperer who withdraws, so that the whisperer gains no power over him.

The mysteries of Allah’s speech are far too sublime and immense for human minds to comprehend. The utmost that people of knowledge can achieve is to infer, from what has become apparent of these mysteries, what lies beyond it, and to recognize that what is apparent is little compared with what remains hidden.

وتضمنت معاني أسمائه الحسنى. أما تضمنها لمعاني أسمائه الحسنى. فإن الرب هو القادر الخالق، البارئ المصور، الحي القيوم، العليم السميع البصير، المحسن المنعم، الجواد المعطي. المانع، الضار النافع، المقدم المؤخر، الذي يضل من يشاء، ويهدي من يشاء، ويسعد من يشاء، ويشقي من يشاء، ويعز من يشاء، ويذل من يشاء- إلى غير ذلك من معاني ربوبيته التي له منها ما يستحقه من الأسماء الحسنى. وأما الملك: فهو الآمر الناهي، المعز المذل، الذي يصرّف أمور عباده كما يحب، ويقلّبهم كما يشاء. وله من معنى الملك ما يستحقه من الأسماء الحسنى، كالعزيز، الجبار المتكبر، الحكم العدل، الخافض الرافع، المعز المذل، العظيم الجليل الكبير، الحسيب المجيد، الوالي المتعالي، مالك الملك، المقسط الجامع- إلى غير ذلك من الأسماء العائدة إلى الملك. وأما الإله: فهو الجامع لجميع صفات الكمال ونعوت الجلال. فيدخل في هذا الإسم جميع الأسماء الحسنى. ولهذا كان القول الصحيح: أن «الله» أصله الإله. كما هو قول سيبويه وجمهور أصحابه، إلا من شذ منهم، وأن اسم الله تعالى هو الجامع لجميع معاني الأسماء الحسنى والصفات العلى. فقد تضمنت هذه الأسماء الثلاثة جميع معاني أسمائه الحسنى. فكان المستعيذ بها جديرا بأن يعاذ ويحفظ، ويمنع من الوسواس الخناس ولا يسلط عليه. وأسرار كلام الله أجل وأعظم من أن تدركها عقول البشر. وإنما غاية أولي العلم الاستدلال بما ظهر منها على ما وراءه، وأن نسبة باديه إلى الخافي يسير.

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