Al-Tafsīr al-Qayyim - Ibn al-Qayyim - (659)

Surah al-Nās

In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

[Surah al-Nās (114): verses 1 to 6]

In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

“Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind (1), the King of mankind (2), the God of mankind (3), from the evil of the retreating whisperer (4), who whispers into the hearts of mankind (5), from among jinn and mankind (6).”

This surah likewise contains an act of seeking refuge, the One in whom refuge is sought, and that from which refuge is sought.

Seeking refuge has already been discussed.

As for the One in whom refuge is sought, He is Allah: “the Lord of mankind, the King of mankind, the God of mankind.”

He mentions His lordship over mankind, His sovereignty over them, and His being their God. Mentioning these attributes must have a bearing on seeking refuge from Satan, as explained earlier.

We shall first explain the meaning of these three relationships, then their relevance to this seeking of refuge. We say:

The first relationship is that of lordship, which encompasses what is due to them, governing their affairs, nurturing them, setting their affairs right, securing their welfare and whatever they need, and warding off evil

سورة الناس ﷽ [سورة الناس (١١٤) : الآيات ١ الى ٦] ﷽ قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ (١) مَلِكِ النَّاسِ (٢) إِلهِ النَّاسِ (٣) مِنْ شَرِّ الْوَسْواسِ الْخَنَّاسِ (٤) الَّذِي يُوَسْوِسُ فِي صُدُورِ النَّاسِ (٥) مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ (٦) قد تضمنت أيضا استعاذة، ومستعاذا به، ومستعاذا منه. فالاستعاذة تقدمت. وأما المستعاذ به: فهو الله بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ. مَلِكِ النَّاسِ. إِلهِ النَّاسِ. فذكر ربوبيته للناس، وملكه إياهم، وإلهيته لهم، ولا بد من مناسبة في ذكر ذلك في الاستعاذة من الشيطان، كما تقدم. فذكر أولا معنى هذه الإضافات الثلاث. ثم وجه مناسبتها لهذه الاستعاذة، فنقول: الإضافة الأولى: إضافة الربوبية المتضمنة لحقهم وتدبيرهم، وتربيتهم، وإصلاحهم، وجلب مصالحهم، وما يحتاجون إليه، ودفع الشر