Al-Tafsīr al-QayyimIbn al-Qayyim

with the evil eye, as someone casts the evil eye on something he admires. Rather, the meaning is that when you recite the Quran, they look at you with such intense hostility and hatred that their gaze almost makes you fall.” Al-Zajjāj said: “Their hostility is so intense that their hateful looks almost knock you down.”

This is a familiar expression. Someone might say, “He gave me a look that almost knocked me down.”

He said: “What supports this interpretation is that this gaze is linked to hearing the Quran, which they detested intensely; hence they would fix their hateful gaze upon him.”

I say: A gaze that affects the person being looked at may arise from intense hostility and envy. The gaze then affects him just as the soul affects him through envy, and the soul’s influence grows stronger in a face-to-face encounter. When an enemy is absent, a person may occupy himself with other things. But when he sees his enemy before him, his attention becomes concentrated upon him, and his soul turns toward him completely. The other person is then affected by his gaze: some people collapse, others develop a fever, and others have to be carried home. People have witnessed many such cases.

It may also arise from admiration. This is what people call affliction by the evil eye: someone looks at something with admiration or regards it as extraordinary, and his spirit assumes a particular state that affects the person afflicted. This is the familiar experience of looking at someone who becomes afflicted by the evil eye: people find something beautiful and admire it, and it is afflicted as a result.

Abd al-Razzāq narrated from Maʿmar, from Hishām ibn Qutayba, who said: “This is what Abū Hurayra related to us: the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘The evil eye is real,’ and he forbade tattooing.”

Sufyān narrated from ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, from ʿUrwa, from ʿĀmir, from ʿUbayd ibn Rifāʿa, that Asmāʾ bint ʿUmays said: “O Messenger of Allah, Jaʿfar’s children are afflicted by the evil eye. May we seek healing recitations for them?” He replied: “Yes. If anything could outstrip the divine decree, the evil eye would.”

Thus, the disbelievers looked at him with the gaze of an intensely hostile, envious person—a gaze that almost made him slip.

بالعين، كما يصيب العائن بعينه ما يعجبه. وإنما أراد: أنهم ينظرون إليك إذا قرأت القرآن نظرا شديدا بالعداوة والبغضاء، يكاد يسقطك. قال الزجاج: يعني من شدة العداوة يكادون بنظرهم نظر البغضاء أن يصرعوك. وهذا مستعمل في الكلام. يقول القائل: نظر إليّ نظرا كاد يصرعني. قال: ويدل على صحة هذا المعنى: أنه قرن هذا النظر بسماع القرآن، وهم كانوا يكرهون ذلك أشدّ الكراهية، فيحدّون إليه النظر بالبغضاء. قلت: النظر الذي يؤثر في المنظور: قد يكون سببه شدة العداوة والحسد فيؤثر نظره فيه، كما تؤثر نفسه بالحسد، ويقوى تأثير النفس عند المقابلة. فإن العدو إذا غاب عن عدوه فقد يشغل نفسه عنه. فإذا عاينه قبلا اجتمعت الهمة عليه، وتوجهت النفس بكليتها إليه. فيتأثر بنظره، حتى إن من الناس من يسقط، ومنهم من يحمّ، ومنهم من يحمل إلى بيته. وقد شاهد الناس من ذلك كثيرا. وقد يكون سببه الإعجاب. وهو الذي يسمونه: بإصابة العين. وهو أن الناظر يرى الشيء رؤية إعجاب به أو استعظام، فتتكيف روحه بكيفية خاصة تؤثر في المعين. وهذا هو الذي يعرفه الناس من رؤية المعين. فإنهم يستحسنون الشيء ويعجبون منه، فيصاب بذلك. قال عبد الرزاق: عن معمر عن هشام بن قتيبة قال: هذا ما حدثنا أبو هريرة قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ «العين حق. ونهى عن الوشم» . وروى سفيان عن عمرو بن دينار عن عروة عن عامر عن عبيد بن رفاعة «أن أسماء بنت عميس قالت: يا رسول الله، إن بني جعفر تصيبهم العين، أفنسترقي لهم؟ قال: نعم. فلو كان شيء يسبق القضاء لسبقته العين» . فالكفار كانوا ينظرون إليه نظر حاسد شديد العداوة. فهو نظر يكاد يزلقه.

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