drink, except scalding water and bitter cold.”
He said: “It is extreme cold, which burns them with its cold just as fire burns them with its heat.” Likewise, Mujāhid and Muqātil said: “It is cold at its utmost intensity.”
There is no contradiction between the two explanations, for night is both cold and dark. Whoever mentions only its cold or only its darkness has confined himself to one of its two qualities.
Darkness is more fitting in this verse, given the context of seeking refuge. There is greater reason to seek refuge from the evil associated with darkness than from the cold of night. Thus, refuge is sought with the Lord of daybreak—which is morning and light—from the evil of the darkness. The attribute of the One whose protection is sought thus suits the purpose of seeking refuge, as we shall explain further shortly, Allah willing.
If it is asked: What, then, do you say about the report narrated by al-Tirmidhī through Ibn Abī Dhi’b, from al-Hārith ibn ‘Abd al-Rahmān, from Abū Salamah, from ‘Ā’ishah, who said: “The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took my hand, looked at the moon, and said: ‘O ‘Ā’ishah, seek refuge in Allah from the evil of this, for this is the darkness when it settles’”? Al-Tirmidhī said: “This hadith is sound and authentic.” This takes precedence over every other interpretation, so must it not be adopted?
The answer is: This interpretation is true and does not contradict the first. Rather, it agrees with it and confirms its validity. Allah Most High says:
17: 12 “We made the night and the day two signs. Then We effaced the sign of the night and made the sign of the day illuminating.”
The moon is the sign of night, and its dominion is during the night. Thus, it too falls under “the darkness when it settles,” just as night does. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) described the moon as “the darkness when it settles.” This is a truthful statement—indeed, the most truthful of statements—but he did not deny that night is also called “the darkness when it settles.” The Prophet’s singling out the moon for mention does not mean that the designation excludes anything else.
A parallel is his statement about the mosque founded upon piety. When asked about it, he said: “It is this mosque of mine.” It is well known that this does not deny that the Mosque of Qubā’ was likewise founded upon piety.