Then He says:
“Our Lord, grant us what You have promised us through Your messengers.”
This is a request that He grant them good that does not yet exist. Then He says:
“And do not disgrace us on the Day of Resurrection.”
This is a request that He not bring upon them an evil that does not yet exist: disgrace on the Day of Resurrection.
Thus, the two verses encompass the four requests in the finest arrangement and order. The two concerning this world come first: forgiveness and remaining steadfast in Islam until death. They are followed by the two concerning the Hereafter: being granted what they were promised through His messengers and not being disgraced on the Day of Resurrection.
With this understood, consider his words, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the opening testimony of his sermon:
“We seek refuge in Allah from the evils within ourselves and the evils of our deeds.”
This includes seeking refuge from the evil within the soul that has not yet come into being but exists there potentially. One therefore asks that it be prevented and never come into being.
As for his words, “from the evils of our deeds,” there are two interpretations.
The first is that this means seeking refuge from evil deeds already committed. The hadith would thus encompass both kinds of seeking refuge: from evil that does not yet exist and from evil that already exists. He therefore asks for the former to be prevented and the latter to be removed.
The second interpretation is that the evils of deeds are their punishments and the harmful consequences they entail, which distress the person who committed them. On this interpretation, this too is a plea for prevention: preventing the effect. The first part seeks to prevent the cause. He would thus be seeking refuge from suffering and its causes.
On the first interpretation, the expression “the evils of our deeds” relates a species to its genus, for deeds are the genus, and evil deeds are one of its species.
On the first interpretation, the expression “the evils of our deeds” relates a species to its genus, for deeds are the genus, and evil deeds are one of its species.
On the second interpretation, it relates an effect to its cause and a result to that which produces it. It is as though he said, “from the punishment for my deeds.” Both interpretations are possible.