the repetition of verbs in this surah.
Then a third point: in speaking of himself, he repeats the verb in the future tense in both places, whereas in speaking of them, he uses the past tense.
Then a fourth point: his worship of their objects of worship is negated using a future-tense verb, whereas their worship of the One he worships is negated using an active participle.
Then a fifth point: negation is expressed here with lā (“not”) rather than lan (“will not”).
Then a sixth point: the Quran’s approach in such passages is to combine negation with affirmation, negating the worship of anything besides Allah and affirming His worship. This is the very essence of tawhīd (monotheism).
Negation alone is not tawhīd, nor is affirmation without negation. Tawhīd must therefore encompass both negation and affirmation. This is the true meaning of “There is no god but Allah.”
Why, then, does this surah contain negation alone, and what is the subtle wisdom behind this?
A seventh point: what is the wisdom in first negating his worship of their objects of worship, then negating their worship of the One he worships?
An eighth point: when the Quran addresses the disbelievers, its usual approach is to address them as “those who disbelieve” or “those who are Jews,” as in His words:
“O you who disbelieve, make no excuses today.”
“Say: ‘O you who are Jews, if you claim to be allies of Allah.’”
Yet “O disbelievers” occurs only here. Why is this passage singled out for that form of address?
[Surah al-Kāfirūn (109): verse 6]
“For you is your religion, and for me is mine.” (6)
A ninth point: His words, “For you is your religion, and for me is mine,” convey a meaning beyond the preceding negation: they indicate that each side has its own religion and object of worship. Yet this has already been understood from the negation, so what does this explicit division add?
A tenth point: in this division and distinction, they and their objects of worship are mentioned first, whereas at the beginning of the surah, his own position and action are mentioned first.