and a statement of fact. It is performative insofar as he intends by these words to establish a prohibition, and a statement of fact insofar as he likens her to his mother’s back. For this reason, Allah described it as reprehensible speech and falsehood: reprehensible in its performative aspect, and false in its factual aspect.

As for his statement that munkar (reprehensible speech) means a false statement: the term derives from nukr (reprehensibility), which is broader than falsehood.

Condemnation applies to both performative declarations and statements of fact, for what is reprehensible is the opposite of what is right. Thus, any performative declaration that has not been permitted is reprehensible, and any statement that is untrue is falsehood.