Al-Tafsīr al-QayyimIbn al-Qayyim

They said: The soundness of this view is supported by the fact that adults are judged in their own right with regard to reward and punishment. They have an independent standing and do not follow their fathers in any worldly rulings or rulings concerning reward and punishment. If “descendants” meant adults, all the adult children of the Companions would share their fathers’ rank, as would all the adult children of the Successors, and so on until the Day of Resurrection. Thus, later generations would share the rank of the earliest generations.

They said: This is also supported by the fact that Allah, glorified be He, places them with their fathers as followers in rank, just as He makes them followers in faith. If they were adults, their faith would not be derivative, but independent.

They said: Further support lies in the fact that Allah, glorified be He, assigns ranks in Paradise according to deeds for those who have an independent standing. As for their dependants, Allah, glorified be He, raises them to their families’ rank even if they have no deeds, as explained earlier.

Likewise, the maidens of Paradise and servants share the rank of the believers to whom they belong, although they have no deeds. This is unlike adults accountable under religious law, who are raised only as high as their deeds take them.

Another group, including al-Wāhidī, said: The proper interpretation is to understand “descendants” as encompassing both minors and adults. An adult follows his father by virtue of his own faith, while a minor follows his father by virtue of the father’s faith.

They said: “Descendants” can refer to minors and adults, to one or many, and to children and forefathers, as Allah Most High says:

36:41 “And a sign for them is that We carried their descendants in the laden ship.”

That is, their forefathers. Likewise, “faith” encompasses both derivative faith and faith attained through personal choice and effort. An instance of its derivative sense is His statement:

4:92 “Then the freeing of a believing slave.”

Thus, freeing a minor would suffice.

قالوا: يدل على صحة هذا القول: أن البالغين لهم حكم أنفسهم في الثواب والعقاب، فإنهم مستقلون بأنفسهم، ليسوا تابعين للآباء في شيء من أحكام الدنيا، ولا أحكام الثواب والعقاب، لاستقلالهم بأنفسهم. ولو كان المراد بالذرية البالغين لكان أولاد الصحابة البالغون كلهم في درجة آبائهم، ولكان أولاد التابعين البالغون كلهم في درجة آبائهم، وهلم جرا إلى يوم القيامة. فيكون الآخرون في درجة السابقين. قالوا: ويدل عليه أيضا: أنه سبحانه جعلهم معهم تبعا في الدرجة. كما جعلهم تبعا معهم في الإيمان. ولو كانوا بالغين لم يكن إيمانهم تبعا، بل إيمان استقلال. قالوا: ويدل عليه أن الله سبحانه جعل المنازل في الجنة بحسب الأعمال. في حق المستقلين. وأما الأتباع فإن الله سبحانه يرفعهم إلى درجة أهليهم. وإن لم يكن لهم أعمال. كما تقدم. وأيضا فالحور العين والخدم في درجة أهليهم، وإن لم يكن لهم عمل، بخلاف المكلفين البالغين. فإنهم يرفعون إلى حيث بلغت بهم أعمالهم. وقالت فرقة، منهم الواحدي: الوجه أن تحمل الذرية على الصغار والكبار. لأن الكبير يتبع الأب بإيمان نفسه، والصغير يتبع الأب بإيمان الأب. قالوا: والذرية تقع على الصغير والكبير، والواحد والكثير، والإبن والأب، كما قال تعالى: ٣٦: ٤١ وَآيَةٌ لَهُمْ أَنَّا حَمَلْنا ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ فِي الْفُلْكِ الْمَشْحُونِ أي آباءهم. والإيمان يقع على الإيمان التبعي وعلى الاختياري الكسبي. فمن وقوعه على التبعي قوله: ٤: ٩٢ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ فلو أعتق صغيرا جاز.

Company

  • About
  • Pricing
  • Why Translate?

Support

  • Contact us
  • Report a bug
  • Support us
  • Donate
  • AI combat arena

Follow us

© 2026 Kutub. All rights reserved.
Terms and conditionsPrivacy policyCookies