They said: The soundness of this view is supported by the fact that adults are judged in their own right with regard to reward and punishment. They have an independent standing and do not follow their fathers in any worldly rulings or rulings concerning reward and punishment. If “descendants” meant adults, all the adult children of the Companions would share their fathers’ rank, as would all the adult children of the Successors, and so on until the Day of Resurrection. Thus, later generations would share the rank of the earliest generations.
They said: This is also supported by the fact that Allah, glorified be He, places them with their fathers as followers in rank, just as He makes them followers in faith. If they were adults, their faith would not be derivative, but independent.
They said: Further support lies in the fact that Allah, glorified be He, assigns ranks in Paradise according to deeds for those who have an independent standing. As for their dependants, Allah, glorified be He, raises them to their families’ rank even if they have no deeds, as explained earlier.
Likewise, the maidens of Paradise and servants share the rank of the believers to whom they belong, although they have no deeds. This is unlike adults accountable under religious law, who are raised only as high as their deeds take them.
Another group, including al-Wāhidī, said: The proper interpretation is to understand “descendants” as encompassing both minors and adults. An adult follows his father by virtue of his own faith, while a minor follows his father by virtue of the father’s faith.
They said: “Descendants” can refer to minors and adults, to one or many, and to children and forefathers, as Allah Most High says:
36:41 “And a sign for them is that We carried their descendants in the laden ship.”
That is, their forefathers. Likewise, “faith” encompasses both derivative faith and faith attained through personal choice and effort. An instance of its derivative sense is His statement:
4:92 “Then the freeing of a believing slave.”
Thus, freeing a minor would suffice.