Al-Tafsīr al-QayyimIbn al-Qayyim

humble submission, fear, and hope. All his deeds and affairs are devoted entirely to Allah. If he loves, he loves for Allah’s sake; if he hates, he hates for Allah’s sake; if he gives, he gives for Allah’s sake; and if he withholds, he withholds for Allah’s sake. Yet this is not enough until he is free from submission to, and acceptance of the authority of, anyone other than the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. He must bind his heart firmly to following the Messenger alone and taking him as his example, to the exclusion of everyone else, in matters of wealth and deeds: the affirmations of the heart, namely beliefs; the utterances of the tongue, which express what is in the heart; the actions of the heart, namely will, love, hatred, and all that follows from them; and the actions of the limbs. In all of this, great and small, he must be governed by what the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, brought. He must not put any belief, statement, or deed before him, as Allah Most High says:

49:1 “O you who believe, do not put yourselves before Allah and His Messenger.”

That is, do not speak until he speaks, and do not act until he commands.

One of the early generations said: “There is no deed, however small, for which two records will not be opened: ‘Why?’ and ‘How?’ That is: ‘Why did you do it?’ and ‘How did you do it?’”

The first question concerns the reason for the deed—its motive and driving force. Was it some immediate personal gain sought by the doer, or some selfish aim, such as a desire for people’s praise or fear of their criticism? Was it to obtain something desirable in this world or avert something undesirable? Or was the motive to fulfil the duty of servitude to Allah, seek the love of the Lord, glorified is He, draw near to Him, and seek the means of approach to Him?

The point of this question is: was this act something you were obliged to do for your Master, or did you do it for your own gratification and desire?

The second question asks whether you followed the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, in that act of worship. That is: “Was that deed in accordance with what I prescribed for you through My Messenger, or was it a deed that I neither prescribed nor approved?”

The first, then, is a question about sincerity, and the second about following the Messenger. Allah, glorified is He, accepts no deed without both.

وإخباتا، وخشية، ورجاء. وخلص عمله وأمره كله لله، فإن أحب أحب في الله، وإن بغض أبغض في الله، وإن أعطى أعطى لله، وإن منع منع لله، ولا يكفيه هذا حتى يسلم من الانقياد والتحكم لكل من عدا رسول الله ﷺ، فيعقد قلبه معه عقدا محكما على الائتمام والاقتداء به وحده، دون كل أحد في الأموال والأعمال: من أقوال القلب، وهي العقائد. وأقوال اللسان، وهي الخبر عما في القلب وأعمال القلب وهي الإرادة والمحبة والكراهية وتوابعها، وأعمال الجوارح، فيكون الحكم عليه في ذلك كله دقّة وجلّه: لما جاء به الرسول ﷺ. فلا يتقدم بين يديه بعقيدة ولا قول ولا عمل، كما قال تعالى: ٤٩: ١ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تُقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ أي لا تقولوا حتى يقول، ولا تفعلوا حتى يأمر. قال بعض السلف: ما من فعلة، وإن صغرت، إلا ينشر لها ديوانان: لم؟ وكيف؟ أي لم فعلت؟ وكيف فعلت؟. فالأول سؤال: عن علة الفعل وباعثه وداعيه: هل هو حظ عاجل من حظوظ العامل، وغرض من أغراض النفس في محبة المدح من الناس وخوف ذمهم؟ أو استجلاب محبوب عاجل أو دفع مكروه عاجل، أم الباعث على الفعل القيام بحق العبودية لله، وطلب التودد والتقرب إلى الرب سبحانه، وابتغاء الوسيلة إليه؟. ومحل هذا السؤال: أنه هل كان عليك أن تفعل هذا الفعل لمولاك أم فعلته لحظك وهواك؟. والثاني: سؤالك عن متابعة الرسول ﵊ في ذلك التعبد؟ أي هل كان ذلك العمل بما شرعته لك على لسان رسولي، أم كان عملا لم أشرعه ولم أرضه؟. فالأول: سؤال عن الإخلاص. والثاني: عن المتابعة. فإن الله سبحانه لا يقبل عملا إلا بهما.

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