Section
Since asking Allah for guidance to the straight path is the loftiest request, and receiving it the noblest gift, Allah taught His servants how to ask Him for it. He commanded them to begin by praising, extolling and glorifying Him, then acknowledging their servitude to Him and their affirmation of His oneness. These are two means of attaining what they seek: appealing to Him through His names and attributes, and appealing to Him through their servitude to Him. A supplication accompanied by these two means is hardly ever rejected. This is supported by the two means mentioned in the two hadiths concerning the Greatest Name, narrated by Ibn Hibbān in his Sahīh, and by Imam Ahmad and al-Tirmidhī.
The first is the hadith of ‘Abd Allāh ibn Buraydah, from his father, who said:
“The Prophet ﷺ heard a man supplicating, saying: ‘O Allah, I ask You by my testimony that You are Allah, there is no god but You, the One, the Eternal Refuge, who neither begets nor is born, and to whom none is equal.’
“He said: ‘By Him in whose hand is my soul, he has indeed asked Allah by His Greatest Name, by which, when He is invoked, He answers, and when He is asked, He gives.’”
Al-Tirmidhī said: “An authentic hadith.” «1»
This is an appeal to Allah through affirming His oneness, the supplicant’s testimony to His oneness, and the affirmation of His attributes indicated by the name al-Samad (the Eternal Refuge). As Ibn ‘Abbās said, He is “the All-Knowing, whose knowledge is perfect; the All-Powerful, whose power is perfect.” In another report from him: “He is the Master in whom every aspect of mastery is perfected.” Abū Wā’il said: “He is the Master whose mastery has reached its utmost perfection.” Sa‘īd ibn Jubayr «2» said: “He is perfect in all His attributes, actions and deeds.”
It is also an appeal through denying that He has any equal or likeness, as expressed in the words: “And there is none comparable to Him.” This is an exposition of the creed of Ahl al-Sunnah. Appealing to Allah through believing in this and testifying to it is invoking the Greatest Name.
The second is the hadith of Anas:
“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard a man supplicating: ‘O Allah, I ask You by virtue of all praise belonging to You. There is no god but You, the Bestower of Blessings, the Originator of the heavens